A kind of Cooperative Institutions in the World
1 . Residents Cooperative Gresik ( KWSG )
Residents Cooperative Semen Gresik ( KWSG ) is a cooperative owned by PT Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk, established on January 29, 1963 with the name of the Company Employees Multipurpose Cooperative Enterprises State Semen Gresik , in starting his business underwent cooperative efforts in the field of trade staple vegetables to meet Semen Gresik employee needs .
With continued existence in the world of business cooperatives Semen Gresik to expand its business in the field of sewing , photo copy , catering services and general trading , so in 1991 the name was changed into a Cooperative Citizens Semen Gresik ( KWSG ) .
Cooperative performance continues to show rapid growth with ditunjukanya KWSG as ditributor Semen Gresik so building materials trading business moving in the field of industry Gresik cement and other building products running rapidly , business development continues membuah right dilakuakn great results within a period of 20 years , until 2012 the Cooperative has 52 branches in Indonesia , By 2013 KWSG has had 5954 members consisting of 14 members of the subsidiary, PT Semen Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk .
At age 50 years KWSG achieve glorious period , in 2012 reached Rp 1.75 trillion , an increase of 22 % from the year 2011 amounting to Rp 1.43 trillion , while the SHU after tax in 2012 reached Rp 47.73 Billion , an increase of 102 % from 2011 of Rp 23.66 Billion , to EBITDA in 2012 reached USD 72.04 Billion increased 94 % from the year 2011 amounted to Rp 37.19 billion. Business cooperative movement is also able to record assets of Rp 621.55 Billion , up 30 % from 2011 to Rp 476.94 billion. Cooperative currently has 60 outlets spread all over Indonesia as the largest city of Madura , Java , Bali , Lombok , and Sumatera.KWSG is cooperative in PT . Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk , whose members consist of permanent employees and retirees :
PT Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk .
Residents Cooperative Semen Gresik
PT Swabina Slot
PT United Tractors Semen Gresik
PT Cipta Nirmala
Circle Wredhatama
PT Kawasan Industri Gresik
PT Varia Business
PT Varia Enterprises Concrete
Waru PT Abadi
PT Graha Organization
Semen Gresik Foundation
PT Semen Gresik Industrial Packaging
Semen Gresik Pension Fund
2 . Agricultural Cooperatives Zen - Noh Japan
Zen - Noh as Parent Japan Agricultural Cooperatives , established in 1972 , whose main task is to provide goods for members of agricultural cooperatives of farmers , both for processes such as the production of agricultural machinery , raw materials and oil or gas consumer goods . In addition , Zen - Noh also members of the production market . Various activities in the framework of services to members / farmers is done through its own production , cooperation with local factories , as well as through imports and exports . From these operations , Zen - Noh in 2005 to collect business volume ( turnover ) of $ 63,448,881,360 , which put him at number one version of the ICA Global 300 . In the framework of social responsibility , Zen - Noh very concerned primarily food products , especially rice seedlings derived from 100 % pure , then the environment , among others, with the mandatory / recommended use manure by members / farmers .
Zen - Noh is Japan Agricultural Cooperative Parent ( National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Association ) is the largest cooperative in the world . The 10 secondary -level agricultural cooperatives / province ( Prefectural Economic / Cooperative Federation ) plus 43 special secondary cooperatives and 66 cooperative various types . Zen - Noh also consists of 1010 primary level agricultural cooperatives ( Cooperatives Multipurposes ) which currently has as many individual members of 4.4448 million people with a staff of about 12 557 people . In addition , there are 44 cooperatives that existed as associate members .
As a cooperative institution , the Zen - Noh's organizational structure consists of a meeting of members ( general meeting ) as a decision-making institution / highest policy , which selects the supervisory board and the board of auditors . The board of trustees then establishes the organization 's board of directors as an executive and business .
3 . The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation ( NACF )
The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation ( NACF ) of South Korea is a national financial institution established in 1961 . Currently , more than 4,000 branches NACF provide efficient financial services to customers across the country . The NACF also operates the largest electronic network systems in South Korea , offering telebanking , e - banking, mobile / PDA banking , and a variety of automated services .
NACF chose to implement log management solution e - banking using SAND CDBMS . This system now allows the NACF to store transaction data two months - close to terabytes , in its raw form - compact 50 GB archive that can be searched directly using standard SQL without decompressing the data first . Compression level for log data range 85-95 % . Archiving process is fully automated , and change the layout of the log ( the addition or deletion of fields , for example , are automatically accommodated without additional database management requirements .
4 . The Cooperative GroupThe Co - operative Group is a cooperative receivables in the UK , and has its largest receivables in the Business World , New Articles more Dari 4,500,000 members and 123,000 employees across its business . Regional and local retail cooperatives ' society is a member of the Group COMPANY language initials . Her business consists Language From : FOOD , Travel, Banking , Agriculture , property , Insurance , Pharmaceutical , funerals , legal services , investment , online stores , electricity , and SLEEPING PLACE .Revenues in 2008 amounted to £ 9.4 Billion , New Articles village net profit £ 111 million . ( £ 1 = Rp . 12,000 )
Migros is Switzerland 's largest retailer , the largest supermarket chain and largest employer . It is also one of the 40 largest retailers in the world . It set up in Turkey 's largest retailer , Migros Türk , which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975 .
The name comes from the French "mi " for half or mid-way and " gros " , which means wholesale . Thus the word connotes prices halfway between retail and wholesale . A corporate logo is a large orange M , which some Swiss newspaper called it " a giant orange " In 2006 , Migros earning 20.64 Billion Swiss Francs and profits 754 million Swiss francs . ( 1 Swiss Franc = Rp.8300 )
5 . The Mondragon Corporation
The MONDRAGON Corporation is a federation of worker cooperatives and companies based in the Basque region of Spain . The company was founded in the town of Mondragón in 1956 by graduates of local technical college . The first product is a paraffin heater . It is the seventh largest Spanish company in terms of asset turnover and the leading business group in the Basque Country . At the end of 2012 , it employs 80,321 people in 289 companies and organizations in four areas of activity : . Financial , industrial , retail and knowledge
6 . Credit Agricole
In 1914 , after World War I , the French banking wobbly stage . The agricultural sector was again decreased , with the lower production levels . However , severe shocks is not destabilize Credit Agricole . Although , to 1930 levels of agricultural production never returned to the level prior to World War I. Credit Agricole could spur even required to return agricultural productivity , through service credit . Here , the government did help . In fact , in 1920 , the government joined Credit Agricole controls , although still based on farmer ownership . The government controls related to outstanding loans , most of which is derived from the state treasury .
After passing through a difficult phase , Credit Agricole is growing again , with growing capacity . This not only gives the bank loan services to individual farmers , but also the cooperative farmers began to explore the trade, and agro-industry . Here , the cooperative was again playing the role of magnitude , the economic recovery of France after World War I.
When World War II broke out , again hit the agricultural sector . Even more powerful . However, because Credit Agricole has been more established , so the recovery process faster .
After 1945, the Bank of France and a number of other major banks in France , suffered nationalization . Under the control of the Minister of Finance , the government has greater control over lending targets . Fortunately , the agricultural sector still received great attention . Credit Agricole 's performance even more muscular .
After World War II ended , Credit Agricole widen lending , to support various agricultural support infrastructure development . Ranging from plant fertilizer , irrigation , modern factory farming equipment to rural electrification . This step is done freely , because of outstanding loans subsidized by the government .
However , that does not mean passivity farmers receive subsidized credit . They are also active mengimpun capital for cooperative banks . During the period 1938 to 1946 , capital raised local cooperative banks , experienced a big jump , from FFr 1.6 billion , becoming FFr 28 billion .
Although credit expansion on a large scale for agricultural infrastructure , Credit Agricole never forget credit on small farmers , who are members of cooperatives . In the appeal of other European countries , the French agricultural productivity is relatively smaller , as more farmers have to rely on a narrow land .
To increase its capacity , Credit Agricole continue to expand credit , to explore other sectors which are not related to agriculture . Entering the 1970s , the bank gave birth to a number of subsidiaries , including the food processing industry . This step is successfully Credit Agricole boost business performance . However , the government always reminded that credit to farmers is not ignored . The most serious warning , made by Finance Minister Giscard d' Estaing . " Credit Agricole do not be lulled pursue financial gain , but also must consider the social benefit , by serving the farmers , " he said , " They must be balanced . "
7 . Cooperative Edeka Zentrale AG
The Edeka Group is the largest German supermarket corporation , holding a market share of 26 % . Established in 1898 , currently consists of several cooperatives of independent supermarkets all operating under the umbrella organization Edeka Zentrale AG & Co. KG , with headquarters in Hamburg . There are about 4,100 stores with the Edeka nameplate that range from small corner stores to hypermarkets . On November 16, 2007 , Edeka reached an agreement with Tengelmann ( known for A & P in the U.S. ) to buy a majority stake of 70% in the division suppressor Plus store this Tengelman
8 . Nationwide Mutual Insurance CompanyNationwide Mutual Insurance Company & Affiliated Companies is a group of insurance companies and US-based financial services in Columbus , Ohio . The company also operates regional headquarters in Des Moines , Iowa , San Antonio , Texas , Gainesville , Florida , Lynchburg , Virginia , and Westerville , Ohio .
Nationwide Financial Services , a component group , partially float on the New York Stock Exchange prior to being purchased by Nationwide Mutual back in 2009 . It has had a majority of the common stock of NFS for having gone public in 1997 .
1 . Residents Cooperative Gresik ( KWSG )
Residents Cooperative Semen Gresik ( KWSG ) is a cooperative owned by PT Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk, established on January 29, 1963 with the name of the Company Employees Multipurpose Cooperative Enterprises State Semen Gresik , in starting his business underwent cooperative efforts in the field of trade staple vegetables to meet Semen Gresik employee needs .
With continued existence in the world of business cooperatives Semen Gresik to expand its business in the field of sewing , photo copy , catering services and general trading , so in 1991 the name was changed into a Cooperative Citizens Semen Gresik ( KWSG ) .
Cooperative performance continues to show rapid growth with ditunjukanya KWSG as ditributor Semen Gresik so building materials trading business moving in the field of industry Gresik cement and other building products running rapidly , business development continues membuah right dilakuakn great results within a period of 20 years , until 2012 the Cooperative has 52 branches in Indonesia , By 2013 KWSG has had 5954 members consisting of 14 members of the subsidiary, PT Semen Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk .
At age 50 years KWSG achieve glorious period , in 2012 reached Rp 1.75 trillion , an increase of 22 % from the year 2011 amounting to Rp 1.43 trillion , while the SHU after tax in 2012 reached Rp 47.73 Billion , an increase of 102 % from 2011 of Rp 23.66 Billion , to EBITDA in 2012 reached USD 72.04 Billion increased 94 % from the year 2011 amounted to Rp 37.19 billion. Business cooperative movement is also able to record assets of Rp 621.55 Billion , up 30 % from 2011 to Rp 476.94 billion. Cooperative currently has 60 outlets spread all over Indonesia as the largest city of Madura , Java , Bali , Lombok , and Sumatera.KWSG is cooperative in PT . Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk , whose members consist of permanent employees and retirees :
PT Semen Gresik ( Persero ) Tbk .
Residents Cooperative Semen Gresik
PT Swabina Slot
PT United Tractors Semen Gresik
PT Cipta Nirmala
Circle Wredhatama
PT Kawasan Industri Gresik
PT Varia Business
PT Varia Enterprises Concrete
Waru PT Abadi
PT Graha Organization
Semen Gresik Foundation
PT Semen Gresik Industrial Packaging
Semen Gresik Pension Fund
2 . Agricultural Cooperatives Zen - Noh Japan
Zen - Noh as Parent Japan Agricultural Cooperatives , established in 1972 , whose main task is to provide goods for members of agricultural cooperatives of farmers , both for processes such as the production of agricultural machinery , raw materials and oil or gas consumer goods . In addition , Zen - Noh also members of the production market . Various activities in the framework of services to members / farmers is done through its own production , cooperation with local factories , as well as through imports and exports . From these operations , Zen - Noh in 2005 to collect business volume ( turnover ) of $ 63,448,881,360 , which put him at number one version of the ICA Global 300 . In the framework of social responsibility , Zen - Noh very concerned primarily food products , especially rice seedlings derived from 100 % pure , then the environment , among others, with the mandatory / recommended use manure by members / farmers .
Zen - Noh is Japan Agricultural Cooperative Parent ( National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Association ) is the largest cooperative in the world . The 10 secondary -level agricultural cooperatives / province ( Prefectural Economic / Cooperative Federation ) plus 43 special secondary cooperatives and 66 cooperative various types . Zen - Noh also consists of 1010 primary level agricultural cooperatives ( Cooperatives Multipurposes ) which currently has as many individual members of 4.4448 million people with a staff of about 12 557 people . In addition , there are 44 cooperatives that existed as associate members .
As a cooperative institution , the Zen - Noh's organizational structure consists of a meeting of members ( general meeting ) as a decision-making institution / highest policy , which selects the supervisory board and the board of auditors . The board of trustees then establishes the organization 's board of directors as an executive and business .
3 . The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation ( NACF )
The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation ( NACF ) of South Korea is a national financial institution established in 1961 . Currently , more than 4,000 branches NACF provide efficient financial services to customers across the country . The NACF also operates the largest electronic network systems in South Korea , offering telebanking , e - banking, mobile / PDA banking , and a variety of automated services .
NACF chose to implement log management solution e - banking using SAND CDBMS . This system now allows the NACF to store transaction data two months - close to terabytes , in its raw form - compact 50 GB archive that can be searched directly using standard SQL without decompressing the data first . Compression level for log data range 85-95 % . Archiving process is fully automated , and change the layout of the log ( the addition or deletion of fields , for example , are automatically accommodated without additional database management requirements .
4 . The Cooperative GroupThe Co - operative Group is a cooperative receivables in the UK , and has its largest receivables in the Business World , New Articles more Dari 4,500,000 members and 123,000 employees across its business . Regional and local retail cooperatives ' society is a member of the Group COMPANY language initials . Her business consists Language From : FOOD , Travel, Banking , Agriculture , property , Insurance , Pharmaceutical , funerals , legal services , investment , online stores , electricity , and SLEEPING PLACE .Revenues in 2008 amounted to £ 9.4 Billion , New Articles village net profit £ 111 million . ( £ 1 = Rp . 12,000 )
Migros is Switzerland 's largest retailer , the largest supermarket chain and largest employer . It is also one of the 40 largest retailers in the world . It set up in Turkey 's largest retailer , Migros Türk , which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975 .
The name comes from the French "mi " for half or mid-way and " gros " , which means wholesale . Thus the word connotes prices halfway between retail and wholesale . A corporate logo is a large orange M , which some Swiss newspaper called it " a giant orange " In 2006 , Migros earning 20.64 Billion Swiss Francs and profits 754 million Swiss francs . ( 1 Swiss Franc = Rp.8300 )
5 . The Mondragon Corporation
The MONDRAGON Corporation is a federation of worker cooperatives and companies based in the Basque region of Spain . The company was founded in the town of Mondragón in 1956 by graduates of local technical college . The first product is a paraffin heater . It is the seventh largest Spanish company in terms of asset turnover and the leading business group in the Basque Country . At the end of 2012 , it employs 80,321 people in 289 companies and organizations in four areas of activity : . Financial , industrial , retail and knowledge
6 . Credit Agricole
In 1914 , after World War I , the French banking wobbly stage . The agricultural sector was again decreased , with the lower production levels . However , severe shocks is not destabilize Credit Agricole . Although , to 1930 levels of agricultural production never returned to the level prior to World War I. Credit Agricole could spur even required to return agricultural productivity , through service credit . Here , the government did help . In fact , in 1920 , the government joined Credit Agricole controls , although still based on farmer ownership . The government controls related to outstanding loans , most of which is derived from the state treasury .
After passing through a difficult phase , Credit Agricole is growing again , with growing capacity . This not only gives the bank loan services to individual farmers , but also the cooperative farmers began to explore the trade, and agro-industry . Here , the cooperative was again playing the role of magnitude , the economic recovery of France after World War I.
When World War II broke out , again hit the agricultural sector . Even more powerful . However, because Credit Agricole has been more established , so the recovery process faster .
After 1945, the Bank of France and a number of other major banks in France , suffered nationalization . Under the control of the Minister of Finance , the government has greater control over lending targets . Fortunately , the agricultural sector still received great attention . Credit Agricole 's performance even more muscular .
After World War II ended , Credit Agricole widen lending , to support various agricultural support infrastructure development . Ranging from plant fertilizer , irrigation , modern factory farming equipment to rural electrification . This step is done freely , because of outstanding loans subsidized by the government .
However , that does not mean passivity farmers receive subsidized credit . They are also active mengimpun capital for cooperative banks . During the period 1938 to 1946 , capital raised local cooperative banks , experienced a big jump , from FFr 1.6 billion , becoming FFr 28 billion .
Although credit expansion on a large scale for agricultural infrastructure , Credit Agricole never forget credit on small farmers , who are members of cooperatives . In the appeal of other European countries , the French agricultural productivity is relatively smaller , as more farmers have to rely on a narrow land .
To increase its capacity , Credit Agricole continue to expand credit , to explore other sectors which are not related to agriculture . Entering the 1970s , the bank gave birth to a number of subsidiaries , including the food processing industry . This step is successfully Credit Agricole boost business performance . However , the government always reminded that credit to farmers is not ignored . The most serious warning , made by Finance Minister Giscard d' Estaing . " Credit Agricole do not be lulled pursue financial gain , but also must consider the social benefit , by serving the farmers , " he said , " They must be balanced . "
7 . Cooperative Edeka Zentrale AG
The Edeka Group is the largest German supermarket corporation , holding a market share of 26 % . Established in 1898 , currently consists of several cooperatives of independent supermarkets all operating under the umbrella organization Edeka Zentrale AG & Co. KG , with headquarters in Hamburg . There are about 4,100 stores with the Edeka nameplate that range from small corner stores to hypermarkets . On November 16, 2007 , Edeka reached an agreement with Tengelmann ( known for A & P in the U.S. ) to buy a majority stake of 70% in the division suppressor Plus store this Tengelman
8 . Nationwide Mutual Insurance CompanyNationwide Mutual Insurance Company & Affiliated Companies is a group of insurance companies and US-based financial services in Columbus , Ohio . The company also operates regional headquarters in Des Moines , Iowa , San Antonio , Texas , Gainesville , Florida , Lynchburg , Virginia , and Westerville , Ohio .
Nationwide Financial Services , a component group , partially float on the New York Stock Exchange prior to being purchased by Nationwide Mutual back in 2009 . It has had a majority of the common stock of NFS for having gone public in 1997 .
Results Analysis About Cooperatives in Indonesia
A brief history of the cooperative movement began in the 20th century , which generally is the result of the effort is not spontaneous and was not done by people who are very kaya.Koperasi grow from among the people , when suffering the economic and social field generated by the capitalist system increasingly peaked . Some people whose livelihoods are simple with limited economic capacity , driven by the suffering and economic burden of the same , spontaneously unite to help himself and his fellow man .
In 1896 a Civil Service Patih R.Aria Wiria Atmaja in Navan set up a bank for civil servants ( gentry ) . He was driven by his desire to help those employees who increasingly suffer from trapped by moneylenders who provide loans at high interest rates . Patih intent is to establish such a model of credit cooperatives in the spirit Future Jerman.Cita subsequently forwarded by De Wolffvan Westerrode , a Dutch resident assistant .
De Wolffvan Westerrode successfully visited while on leave Germany and advocated Aid Savings Bank will change the existing ones become Bank Aid , Savings and Pertanian.Selain servants farmers also need to be helped because they suffer even more because of the pressure of the pengijon . He also advocated changing the bank into koperasi.Di addition, he also founded the village granaries are encouraging farmers to save the harvest season and give relief to the rice loan bad season . He also tried to make it into barns Credit Union Padi.Tetapi Dutch government at the time the opinion of others. Relief Bank , Savings and Agriculture and Cooperative Village Office was not made but the Government of the Netherlands to form a new village barns , village banks , pawnshops and Cash Centrale which later became Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( BRI ) All of it is a business entity 's authority and led by the Government .
In 1908 , Budi Utomo founded by Dr . Sutomo provide a role for the cooperative movement to improve the lives of people In 1915 the rules made Verordening op de Cooperatieve Vereeniging , and in 1927 Regeling Inlandschhe Cooperatieve .
In 1927 established Islamic Trade Union , which aims to fight pengusah - economic position of indigenous entrepreneurs . Then, in 1929 , established the Indonesian National Party fighting for the dissemination of the cooperative spirit .
However , in 1933 out of a similar law Law no . 431 so lethal cooperative efforts for the second time . In 1942 Japan occupied Indonesia . Japan and establishing cooperative kumiyai . Initially the cooperative is running smoothly . However, its function changed drastically and become a tool to benefit Japan , and misery to the people of Indonesia.
After Indonesian independence , on July 12, 1947 , the cooperative movement in Indonesia held the first Cooperative Congress in Tasikmalaya . Today is then defined as the Day of Cooperatives Indonesia .
In the days of the Dutch -forming cooperatives can not be implemented because :
1 . No government agencies or non-government agencies that provide information and education about cooperatives .
2 . There is no law that governs the life of the cooperative .
3 . Colonial government itself was hesitant because of political considerations advocated cooperative , cooperative worry it will be used by the political government for the purpose of endangering the colony .
Cooperatives not only in Indonesia but also in other countries , including in developed countries ( NM ) . According to the Chamber of Commerce - Indonesia ( 2010) kebaradaan cooperative in NM , such as in Western Europe and the United States ( U.S. ) , can compete with the big companies a non - cooperative . Even in agriculture and banking , many cooperatives were able to compete and become great players .
The existence of cooperatives in Indonesia is still ditanggapai with the mindset that is very diverse . It is only natural that way . Therefore , as a set of institutional systems that form the basis of our economy , the cooperative will always follow the various changes dynamically evolving environment . Dynamics that is inviting the birth of diverse mindset . Symptoms such that it is very positive for the maturation process of the cooperative .
If we go back to the existing definition , have been given devinisi Indonesian cooperatives as a form of social character of economic institutions . Within the scope of such an understanding , many people who interpret the Indonesian cooperatives solely as an institution in the strict sense , ie an organization or legal entity engaged in economic activities with the aim of improving the welfare of the people. Yet according to Article 33 UUD 1945 , the cooperative established as the appropriate business entity in our economic order based on economic democracy . Therefore, the cooperative should be understood as a 'broader institutional governing our economy based on the soul and the spirit of togetherness . The spirit of togetherness and kinship that is what needs to be placed as a central point in understanding the Article 33 UUD 1945 with description more broadly and fundamentally .
With such understanding , it is clear that in the spirit of economic democracy and the spirit of togetherness and kinship should also be developed in a container other economic actors , such as state-owned enterprises and private , so that the third container is guaranteed existence of economic actors and have the same right to live in this country .
Based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and KUMKM , Cooperatives in Indonesia in the period 2000-2010 experienced significant growth , namely :
1 . The number of cooperatives in Indonesia has gained nearly 70 percent and the number of cooperatives that have suffered kaikkan RAT carry 45 percent more .
2 . The number of managers experienced an increase by 64 percent , while the number of cooperative members only experienced an increase of 6.7 percent .
3 . Total capital increased 3 -fold cooperatives , cooperative business volume rose nearly 3-fold and of Business ( SHU ) Ascension reach up to 8 -fold.
4 . When viewed from the rest of Results of Operations ( SHU ) , in 2000 a total of SHU cooperatives in Indonesia amounted to 642.5 billion dollars . At the end of March of 2010 , a total of SHU rose approximately eight -fold to 5.6 trillion dollars .
Table 4 . SHU Cooperative , GDP , and Pertmbuhan Economy in Indonesia, 2000-2010
A brief history of the cooperative movement began in the 20th century , which generally is the result of the effort is not spontaneous and was not done by people who are very kaya.Koperasi grow from among the people , when suffering the economic and social field generated by the capitalist system increasingly peaked . Some people whose livelihoods are simple with limited economic capacity , driven by the suffering and economic burden of the same , spontaneously unite to help himself and his fellow man .
In 1896 a Civil Service Patih R.Aria Wiria Atmaja in Navan set up a bank for civil servants ( gentry ) . He was driven by his desire to help those employees who increasingly suffer from trapped by moneylenders who provide loans at high interest rates . Patih intent is to establish such a model of credit cooperatives in the spirit Future Jerman.Cita subsequently forwarded by De Wolffvan Westerrode , a Dutch resident assistant .
De Wolffvan Westerrode successfully visited while on leave Germany and advocated Aid Savings Bank will change the existing ones become Bank Aid , Savings and Pertanian.Selain servants farmers also need to be helped because they suffer even more because of the pressure of the pengijon . He also advocated changing the bank into koperasi.Di addition, he also founded the village granaries are encouraging farmers to save the harvest season and give relief to the rice loan bad season . He also tried to make it into barns Credit Union Padi.Tetapi Dutch government at the time the opinion of others. Relief Bank , Savings and Agriculture and Cooperative Village Office was not made but the Government of the Netherlands to form a new village barns , village banks , pawnshops and Cash Centrale which later became Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( BRI ) All of it is a business entity 's authority and led by the Government .
In 1908 , Budi Utomo founded by Dr . Sutomo provide a role for the cooperative movement to improve the lives of people In 1915 the rules made Verordening op de Cooperatieve Vereeniging , and in 1927 Regeling Inlandschhe Cooperatieve .
In 1927 established Islamic Trade Union , which aims to fight pengusah - economic position of indigenous entrepreneurs . Then, in 1929 , established the Indonesian National Party fighting for the dissemination of the cooperative spirit .
However , in 1933 out of a similar law Law no . 431 so lethal cooperative efforts for the second time . In 1942 Japan occupied Indonesia . Japan and establishing cooperative kumiyai . Initially the cooperative is running smoothly . However, its function changed drastically and become a tool to benefit Japan , and misery to the people of Indonesia.
After Indonesian independence , on July 12, 1947 , the cooperative movement in Indonesia held the first Cooperative Congress in Tasikmalaya . Today is then defined as the Day of Cooperatives Indonesia .
In the days of the Dutch -forming cooperatives can not be implemented because :
1 . No government agencies or non-government agencies that provide information and education about cooperatives .
2 . There is no law that governs the life of the cooperative .
3 . Colonial government itself was hesitant because of political considerations advocated cooperative , cooperative worry it will be used by the political government for the purpose of endangering the colony .
Cooperatives not only in Indonesia but also in other countries , including in developed countries ( NM ) . According to the Chamber of Commerce - Indonesia ( 2010) kebaradaan cooperative in NM , such as in Western Europe and the United States ( U.S. ) , can compete with the big companies a non - cooperative . Even in agriculture and banking , many cooperatives were able to compete and become great players .
The existence of cooperatives in Indonesia is still ditanggapai with the mindset that is very diverse . It is only natural that way . Therefore , as a set of institutional systems that form the basis of our economy , the cooperative will always follow the various changes dynamically evolving environment . Dynamics that is inviting the birth of diverse mindset . Symptoms such that it is very positive for the maturation process of the cooperative .
If we go back to the existing definition , have been given devinisi Indonesian cooperatives as a form of social character of economic institutions . Within the scope of such an understanding , many people who interpret the Indonesian cooperatives solely as an institution in the strict sense , ie an organization or legal entity engaged in economic activities with the aim of improving the welfare of the people. Yet according to Article 33 UUD 1945 , the cooperative established as the appropriate business entity in our economic order based on economic democracy . Therefore, the cooperative should be understood as a 'broader institutional governing our economy based on the soul and the spirit of togetherness . The spirit of togetherness and kinship that is what needs to be placed as a central point in understanding the Article 33 UUD 1945 with description more broadly and fundamentally .
With such understanding , it is clear that in the spirit of economic democracy and the spirit of togetherness and kinship should also be developed in a container other economic actors , such as state-owned enterprises and private , so that the third container is guaranteed existence of economic actors and have the same right to live in this country .
Based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and KUMKM , Cooperatives in Indonesia in the period 2000-2010 experienced significant growth , namely :
1 . The number of cooperatives in Indonesia has gained nearly 70 percent and the number of cooperatives that have suffered kaikkan RAT carry 45 percent more .
2 . The number of managers experienced an increase by 64 percent , while the number of cooperative members only experienced an increase of 6.7 percent .
3 . Total capital increased 3 -fold cooperatives , cooperative business volume rose nearly 3-fold and of Business ( SHU ) Ascension reach up to 8 -fold.
4 . When viewed from the rest of Results of Operations ( SHU ) , in 2000 a total of SHU cooperatives in Indonesia amounted to 642.5 billion dollars . At the end of March of 2010 , a total of SHU rose approximately eight -fold to 5.6 trillion dollars .
Table 4 . SHU Cooperative , GDP , and Pertmbuhan Economy in Indonesia, 2000-2010
Tahun
|
SHU
|
PDB
(harga konstan)
|
PDB
(harga berlaku)
|
Pertumbuhan
|
(Rp
Juta)
|
(Rp
Juta)
|
(Rp
Juta)
|
Ekonomi
(%)
|
|
2000
|
694.502,00
|
398.016.900,00
|
1.264.918.700,00
|
4,8
|
2001
|
3.134.446,41
|
1.442.984.600,00
|
1.684.280.500,00
|
3,6
|
2002
|
988.516,72
|
1.506.124.400,00
|
1.863.274.700,00
|
4,5
|
2003
|
1.871.926,70
|
1.577.171.300,00
|
2.036.351.900,00
|
4,8
|
2004
|
2.164.234,54
|
1.656.517.000,00
|
2.295.826.000,00
|
5,0
|
2005
|
2.198.320,31
|
1.750.815.000,00
|
2.774.281.000,00
|
5,7
|
2006
|
3.216.817,65
|
1.847.127.000,00
|
3.339.217.000,00
|
5,5
|
2007
|
3.470.459,45
|
1.964.327.000,00
|
3.950.893.000,00
|
6,3
|
2008
|
3.964.818,55
|
2.082.316.000,00
|
4.951.357.000,00
|
6,1
|
2009
|
5.303.813,94
|
2.177.700.000,00
|
5.603.900.000,00
|
4,5
|
2010
|
*5.653.745,35
|
2.310.700.000,00
|
6.422.900.000,00
|
6,1
|
Cooperative development in Indonesia in the period of study is quite significant, but penanan cooperatives in Indonesia's economy was still very minimm if seen from the SHU in contributing to GDP, which is less than 3 percent. Whereas in 1945, the cooperative which is "the pillar of the national economy" including into three main pillars that support the national economy should be shared with the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and the Private Companies (BUMS).
The phenomenon that is the background of this study, entitled "Analysis of Cooperative Development and the Role of the GDP and Energy Absorption Kerjadi Indonesia, Period 2000-2010".
The phenomenon that is the background of this study, entitled "Analysis of Cooperative Development and the Role of the GDP and Energy Absorption Kerjadi Indonesia, Period 2000-2010".
Referensi :
http://kwsg.co.id/kwsg-wp/sejarah-perusahaan/
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